Children are susceptible to illness and respiratory problems are quite common – especially in those regularly exposed to germs (e.g., in a daycare setting). The majority of respiratory problems are not serious, but some cases may require special treatments.
Understanding Respiratory Infections Differences Between Upper and Lower
Generally speaking, lower respiratory infections tend to be more severe and are characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing and rapid breathing. Upper respiratory infections include colds, flu, croup and sinusitis. They can usually be treated with a combination of medications, fluids and rest.
Stridor is a wheezing sound originating from the neck or upper chest, often due to partial obstruction of the airways. In infants, it frequently results from floppy breathing structures like laryngomalacia or tracheomalacia. Pediatric ENT specialists use specialized tools to examine the upper airway, diagnose issues, and provide treatments to improve breathing sounds. For children with severe medical conditions, tracheostomy tubes may be placed to assist with breathing, requiring ongoing care and management. Our team is dedicated to ensuring these children remain healthy and supports their transition away from tracheostomy tubes as they grow.
Lower Respiratory Infections Key Disorders and Symptoms
Lower respiratory infections include a number of breathing disorders, such as:
Asthma
This is an extremely common childhood ailment, affecting nearly six percent of children under the age of five. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways triggered by an irritant (e.g., a virus, tobacco smoke or chemical) that causes the bronchi to contract and the mucus membranes to swell. This results in coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath and increased heart rate. There is no cure, but symptoms can be managed through a combination of long-term control drugs and rescue medications.
Bronchiolitis
This infection of the bronchioles occurs when the airways in the lungs swell, hampering breathing. Most cases are caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), discussed below. It is most common in children younger than two. Symptoms include coughing; rapid, shallow breathing; wheezing; skin retractions around the neck and chest; flaring of the nostrils and fever. Usually, bronchiolitis runs its course in 7-10 days and does not require medical treatment. Make sure your child receives plenty of rest and fluids, and treat any congestion with saline drops or over-the-counter medications.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
RSV is one of the most common lower respiratory tract illnesses. It is usually confined to children under the age of two. Symptoms are similar to those of the common cold and include coughing, runny nose, fever, wheezing, rapid breathing and skin retractions around the chest and neck. RSV can spread to the airways in the lungs and cause bronchiolitis. Fortunately, most cases are short lived, lasting only a few days. Treat it with home remedies as you would a cold.
Pheumonia
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation, swelling, and fluid accumulation in the airways. It can be caused by viruses or bacteria. Symptoms include coughing, fever, rapid breathing, a crackling or grunting noise in the lungs, and loss of appetite. Viral pneumonia can be treated with over-the-counter pain medications for fever, fluids, and rest. Bacterial pneumonia requires antibiotics.
